{"id":19447,"date":"2014-09-30T14:07:48","date_gmt":"2014-09-30T12:07:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/it\/blog\/?p=19447"},"modified":"2023-02-27T14:33:21","modified_gmt":"2023-02-27T14:33:21","slug":"iptables-configurazione-server-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/it\/sviluppo\/iptables-configurazione-server-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Configurare iptables dopo il 1\u00b0 accesso al server (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nello <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/it\/blog\/software\/iptables-configurazione-server-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scorso appuntamento<\/a>, ti ho parlato di <b>iptables<\/b> e ti ho proposto anche una prima configurazione di base per bloccare alcuni degli attacchi pi\u00f9 comuni.<\/p>\n<p>Tenendo presente che nell\u2019esempio che stiamo analizzando il tuo server deve comportarsi da webserver, \u00e8 giusto ora procedere con una configurazione pensata per aprire le porte dei servizi che abbiamo elencato la volta scorsa, a cui devi aggiungere l\u2019<strong>interfaccia di localhost<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>In pratica, stai dicendo a iptables di aggiungere (<em>-A<\/em>) una regola per accettare (<em>-j ACCEPT<\/em>) ai <strong>pacchetti in ingresso<\/strong> (<em>INPUT<\/em>) per filtrare tutto il traffico proveniente dall\u2019interfaccia localhost (<em>-i lo<\/em>). In questo modo, il tuo server potr\u00e0 collegarsi a un eventuale database residente sul server stesso, ma il database non sar\u00e0 esposto al traffico internet (a meno che tu non definisca un\u2019apposita regola).<\/p>\n<p>Ora, devi configurare il funzionamento del webserver per accogliere il <strong>traffico web<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp &#8211;dport 80 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp &#8211;dport 443 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>Con questi comandi, stai dicendo a iptables di aggiungere (<em>-A<\/em>) una nuova regola che accetti (<em>-j ACCEPT<\/em>) le <strong>connessioni in ingresso<\/strong> (<em>INPUT<\/em>), su interfaccia TCP\/IP (<em>-p tcp<\/em>) corrispondenti al TCP\/IP (<em>-m tcp<\/em>) con porta di destinazione 80 o 443 (<em>&#8211;dport 80<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>E devi fare lo stesso per le connessioni SMTP per l\u2019<strong>invio delle email<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp &#8211;dport 25 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp &#8211;dport 465 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>e per la ricezione su POP3:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp &#8211;dport 110 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp &#8211;dport 995 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>e su IMAP:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp &#8211;dport 143 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp &#8211;dport 993 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<h2>Ultime configurazioni di iptables e salvataggio<\/h2>\n<p>Ricordati, infine, di permettere la <b>connessione SSH<\/b>, magari limitandola a un solo indirizzo IP, da cui consentire l\u2019amministrazione remota del tuo server:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s TUO_INDIRIZZO_IP -m tcp &#8211;dport 22 -j ACCEPT<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>dove il parametro <em>\u2013s<\/em> indica l\u2019indirizzo IP da cui deriva il traffico e <em>TUO_INDIRIZZO_IP<\/em> va sostituito con l\u2019indirizzo IP che vuoi autorizzare all\u2019accesso SSH.<\/p>\n<p>Ora, devi ricordarti di aggiungere quelle famose <strong>regole di default<\/strong> di cui ti ho parlato la volta scorsa:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables -I INPUT -m state &#8211;state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT<br \/>\niptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT<br \/>\niptables -P INPUT DROP<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>In questo modo, permetti al tuo server di fornire risposta a chi sta dall\u2019altra parte della connessione su tutte le connessioni in uscita gi\u00e0 stabilite e allo stesso tempo, accetti tutte le connessioni in uscita, bloccando qualsiasi altra in ingresso.<\/p>\n<p>Il firewall \u00e8 cos\u00ec configurato e non ti resta che verificare il <strong>listato delle regole<\/strong> che hai appena inserito:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables \u2013L<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>e una volta effettuati i dovuti controlli devi <strong>salvare la configurazione<\/strong> nel corrispondente file iptables che si trova nel percorso <i>\/etc\/sysconfig<\/i> dell\u2019installazione Linux CentOS:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\niptables -save | sudo tee \/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>a cui devi far seguire un <strong>restart del servizio<\/strong> iptables:<\/p>\n<p>[code type=&#8221;php&#8221;]<br \/>\nservice iptables restart<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>Per concludere, ti ricordo che quanto fatto fino a ora ti permette di mettere in sicurezza il tuo server per quanto riguarda il protocollo IPv4. Se usi indirizzi IPv6, ricordati di mettere in sicurezza anche questa interfaccia network, magari usando la controparte di iptables dedicata all\u2019IPv6, nota come <b>ip6tables<\/b>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proseguendo con la nostra guida su <strong>iptables<\/strong>, tenendo presente che nell\u2019esempio che stiamo analizzando il server deve comportarsi da webserver, \u00e8 giusto procedere con una configurazione pensata per aprire le porte dei servizi&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[321,247,55],"class_list":["post-19447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sviluppo","tag-firewall","tag-linux","tag-sicurezza"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IPTABLES: come configurarlo? 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