{"id":5587,"date":"2010-12-03T16:56:10","date_gmt":"2010-12-03T15:56:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/it\/blog\/?p=5587"},"modified":"2024-08-12T08:12:06","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T08:12:06","slug":"gestione-css-avanzata-parte-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/it\/sviluppo\/gestione-css-avanzata-parte-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Gestione CSS avanzata: Parte 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5519\" style=\"margin-top:-15px\" title=\"css\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/css1.jpg\" alt=\"css\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/it\/blog\/programmazione\/gestione-css-avanzata\">Nel precedente articolo<\/a> abbiamo discusso i nostri obiettivi e abbiamo dato un&#8217;occhiata a quello che dovrebbe essere il risultato finale.<br \/>\nIniziamo oggi a <strong>sviluppare lo script.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Struttura delle directory<\/h3>\n<p>Vediamo innanzitutto l&#8217;organizzazione dei file del nostro progetto<\/p>\n<p>[code]<br \/>\n\/cache\/<br \/>\n\/libs\/cleancss.php<br \/>\n\/libs\/smarty\/[&#8230;]<br \/>\n\/templates\/<br \/>\n\/templates\/css\/<br \/>\n\/templates\/css\/reset.ccss<br \/>\n\/templates\/css\/main.ccss<br \/>\n\/.htaccess<br \/>\n\/bootstrap.inc.php<br \/>\n\/css.php<br \/>\n[\/code]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Il file css.php sar\u00e0 lo script sul quale lavoreremo. Lo vedremo in dettaglio a breve.<\/li>\n<li>La cartella templates conterr\u00e0 per l&#8217;appunto i template di Smarty e noi per tenere tutto meglio organizzato creiamo una cartella \/templates\/css per i fogli di stile.<\/li>\n<li>Nella cartella libs posizioniamo tutte le librerie esterne che ci potranno service. Tra queste ci saranno sicuramente Smarty e CleanCSS.<\/li>\n<li>bootstrap.inc.php rappresenta il file che inizializza l&#8217;ambiente di sviluppo, ad esempio creando l&#8217;oggetto di Smarty e impostando l&#8217;include_path.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[php]<br \/>\n&lt;?php<br \/>\n$basedir = dirname(__FILE__);<br \/>\nset_include_path(&#8220;$basedir\/libs&#8221; . PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path());<\/p>\n<p>require_once(&#8216;smarty\/libs\/Smarty.class.php&#8217;);<\/p>\n<p>$s = new Smarty;<\/p>\n<p>$s-&gt;auto_literal = true;<br \/>\n$s-&gt;_dir_perms = 0777;<br \/>\n$s-&gt;_file_perms = 0666;<br \/>\n$s-&gt;template_dir = implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, array($basedir, &#8216;templates&#8217;));<br \/>\n$s-&gt;config_dir = $s-&gt;template_dir;<br \/>\n$s-&gt;compile_dir  = implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, array($basedir, &#8216;cache&#8217;, &#8216;templates_c&#8217;));<br \/>\n$s-&gt;error_reporting = E_ALL &amp; ~E_NOTICE;<\/p>\n<p>if (!file_exists($s-&gt;compile_dir)) {<br \/>\nmkdir($s-&gt;compile_dir);<br \/>\nchmod($s-&gt;compile_dir, 0777);<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n[\/php]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>E infine la cartella cache che conterr\u00e0 tutti i file temporanei o le versioni precompilate dei nostri css.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>URL<\/h3>\n<p>Come abbiamo visto lo script ci deve permettere di aggregare pi\u00f9 CSS in un&#8217;unica richiesta, passando i nomi attraverso una variabile in GET.<br \/>\nL&#8217;url di una tipica richiesta sar\u00e0 del tipo <strong>\/css.php?f=reset+main<\/strong> ma tramite mod_rewrite possiamo gestirli con indirizzi del tipo <strong>\/reset+main.css<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Iniziamo quindi a definire questa regola nel file .htaccess<\/p>\n<p>[code]<\/p>\n<p>RewriteEngine On<br \/>\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f<br \/>\nRewriteRule (.*)\\.css$ css.php?f=$1 [L]<\/p>\n<p>[\/code]<\/p>\n<p>e il gioco \u00e8 fatto! Possiamo ora utilizzare indifferentemente un tipo di indirizzo o l&#8217;altro.<\/p>\n<h3>Lo script PHP<\/h3>\n<p>Ora vediamo il file <strong>css.php<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>[php]<br \/>\n&lt;?php<br \/>\nrequire_once(&#8216;bootstrap.inc.php&#8217;); \/\/ &lt;- smarty \u00e8 inizializzato qui ($s = new Smarty;)<br \/>\nrequire_once(&#8216;cleancss.php&#8217;);<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ validazione della richiesta<br \/>\nif (empty($_GET[&#8216;f&#8217;])) {<br \/>\nheader(&#8216;HTTP\/1.1 400 Bad Request&#8217;);<br \/>\nexit;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ questo script manda in output del css<br \/>\nheader(&#8216;Content-Type: text\/css&#8217;);<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ Il + nella richiesta equivale a uno spazio, divido l&#8217;elenco dei file richiesti<br \/>\n$files = explode(&#8216; &#8216;,$_GET[&#8216;f&#8217;]);<\/p>\n<p>$csscontent = &#8220;&#8221;;<br \/>\nforeach ($files as $file) {<br \/>\n$template = &#8220;css\/$file.ccss&#8221;;<br \/>\n\/\/ Se il file non esiste tra i CCSS (CleanCSS), allora lo cerco come CSS normale<br \/>\nif (!$s-&gt;templateExists($template)) {<br \/>\n$template = &#8220;css\/$file.css&#8221;;<br \/>\n$csscontent .= &#8220;\/* $file.css *\/\\\\n&#8221;;<br \/>\n$csscontent .= trim($s-&gt;fetch($template)).&#8221;\\\\n&#8221;;<br \/>\n} else {<br \/>\n$csscontent .= &#8220;\/* $file.ccss *\/\\\\n&#8221;;<br \/>\n$csscontent .= CleanCSS::convertString($s-&gt;fetch($template)).&#8221;\\\\n&#8221;;<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>echo $csscontent;<br \/>\n[\/php]<\/p>\n<p>Per ora \u00e8 tutto molto semplice: Dopo aver validato la richiesta, controlliamo l&#8217;esistenza dei template richiesti, prima con l&#8217;estensione <strong>.ccss<\/strong> e se non esiste, lo cerchiamo con l&#8217;estensione <strong>.css<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Se il file aveva l&#8217;estensione .ccss, la conversione avverr\u00e0 nel seguente modo in 2 passi successivi. Prima verr\u00e0 richiesto il template a smarty ($s-&gt;fetch($template)), dopodich\u00e9 il risultato verr\u00e0 passato alla libreria <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/it\/blog\/programmazione\/css-razionalizzati-con-cleancss\">CleanCSS<\/a> per convertirne il formato in CSS semplice.<\/p>\n<p>Per oggi ci fermiamo qui. Abbiamo pronto uno scheletro funzionante dello script ma mancano ancora gran parte delle funzioni avanzate. Per ora abbiamo sviluppato un sistema per l&#8217;inclusione di pi\u00f9 CSS in una singola richiesta e la conversione dal formato CleanCSS.<\/p>\n<p>Il codice sorgente dell&#8217;applicazione sviluppata fino ad ora \u00e8 disponibile per il download. Assicuratevi di dare i permessi di scrittura alla cartella cache.<\/p>\n<p>Nella prossimo articolo implementeremo l&#8217;aggiunta automatica delle varianti non-standard dei browser e della minificazione del codice, per poi concludere con un&#8217;ottima gestione della cache.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5519\" style=\"margin-top:-15px\" title=\"css\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/css1.jpg\" alt=\"css\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.artera.net\/it\/blog\/programmazione\/gestione-css-avanzata\">Nel precedente articolo<\/a> abbiamo discusso i nostri obiettivi e abbiamo dato un&#8217;occhiata a quello che dovrebbe essere il risultato finale.<br \/>\nIniziamo oggi a <strong>sviluppare lo script.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[127,202,697,63,160,161],"class_list":["post-5587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sviluppo","tag-css","tag-css-avanzati","tag-css-avanzato","tag-php","tag-smarty","tag-smarty-3"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u2022 Gestione CSS avanzata: Parte 2 - Artera<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Leggi dal blog: Gestione CSS avanzata: Parte 2. 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